Summary

Main dispute resolution methods

Court litigation

• Limitation periods
• Court structure
• Rights of audience
• Rights of audience/requirements
• Foreign lawyers

Fees and funding

• Funding 
• Insurance

Court proceedings

• Confidentiality
• Pre-action conduct
• Main stages
• Starting proceedings
• Notice to the defendant and defence
• Subsequent stages

Interim remedies

• Strike out
• Summary judgment
• Other circumstances
• Availability and grounds
• Prior notice/same-day
• Mandatory injunctions
• Right to vary or discharge order and appeals
• Main proceedings
• Preferential right or lien
• Damages as a result
• Security

Final remedies

Evidence

• Disclosure
• Privileged documents
• Other non-disclosure situations
• Examination of witnesses
• Oral evidence
• Right to cross-examine
• Third party experts
• Appointment procedure
• Role of experts
• Right of reply
• Fees

Appeals

• Which courts
• Grounds for appeal
• Time limit

Class actions

Costs

Enforcement of a local judgment

Cross-border litigation

• No choice of law and non-contractual claims
• Enforcement of a foreign judgment

Alternative dispute resolution

Proposals for reform