Member Article

On September 14, 2022, the Parliament approved the draft of the Act Amending the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (the “Amendment Act”) covering Title XXII on Partnerships and Limited Companies. Under this Amendment Act, a new M&A scheme and amended corporate governance requirements have been introduced for limited companies. The draft was initiated by the Department of Business Development (“DBD”) with the goal of facilitating business operations by revising outdated requirements, removing excessive corporate compliance obligations, and promoting the business consolidation scheme under the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (the “TCCC”). The Amendment Act was recently submitted to the Cabinet for His Majesty the King’s signature on September 19, 2022, and will take effect 90 days following its announcement in the Government Gazette.

This article highlights key elements of the Amendment Act, as well as comparisons with the existing provisions under the TCCC and the implications for business operators.

Key Elements of the Amendment Act

The groundbreaking changes proposed under the Amendment Act can be divided into three major aspects as set out in the following table.

Subsequent to the Approving Meeting and publication of the notice of amalgamation/merger, the Amendment Act requires a shareholders’ meeting to consider the corporate particulars (the “Closing Meeting”), such as the name, objectives, Articles of Association, and the number of shares of the amalgamated/merged entity. In this case, the Closing Meeting must be held within six months from the date of the Approving Meeting, extendable for up to one year with approval from the Closing Meeting pursuant to the addition of Section 1240/1.

Directors of the consolidating entities are required to deliver their respective company’s businesses, assets, accounts, documents, and other evidence to the board of the amalgamated/merged entity within seven days from the Closing Meeting date and register the completed deal with the DBD within 14 days as from the Closing Meeting date for post-merger integration according to Section 1241. The new company will acquire all the consolidating entities’ property, obligations, rights, and liabilities from such registration, and each consolidating entity shall cease to have the status of a juridical person.

Diagram: Timeline Conveying Compliance Procedure for Merger and Amalgamation Execution pursuant to the Amendment Act

Concluding Remarks

Despite the fact that the process appears to be getting easier for business operators, whether in terms of incorporation, operation, or consolidation, there still remain ambiguous elements pursuant to which operators who intend to follow these regulatory changes shall remain at risk.

• • Absence of Official Interpretation

Section 1240 prescribed that the resolution for merger and amalgamation must be published in a ‘daily newspaper which is widely available’. The source of publication stated in such clause differs from Section 1175, which states that the notice of the general meeting must be published in a ‘local newspaper’. There is no specific definition for such two phrases that interprets the difference or the qualifications by which to ascertain brands or media companies as a sufficiently widely distributed newspaper. Therefore, it will depend on the official interpretation in this regard and may affect the legal compliance on publishing notices for merger and amalgamation.

• • Absence of Enforcement of Other Authorities

Merger and acquisition transactions involve numerous aspects for consideration as well as dealing with different public authorities. Therefore, tax analysis is another essential step when conducting due diligence prior to deal closure. While there have been multiple rulings pertaining to tax liabilities in the course of share acquisition, asset acquisition, and amalgamation, which facilitates calculation to reduce tax exposure upon deal execution, the Thai Revenue Department is still silent upon the merger scheme under the Amendment Act.

• • Limited Legal Recognition of Electronic Corporate Conduct

While the Amendment Act permits the holding of BOD e-Meetings, this legal recognition does not extend to permitting the same for shareholders’ meetings. This legal development is contradicted by the recent amendment to the Public Company Act, effective on 24 May 2022, which allows board meetings and shareholders’ meetings, including submission of related notices therefor, to be conducted electronically.

Ultimately, this Amendment Act is another significant step forward in developing Thailand’s corporate regulatory regime. We now must monitor this significant legal development, as well as the relevant subordinate laws and the establishment of corporate penalties in the event of non-compliance, which are expected to be enacted in subsequent amendments.

For more information, please get in touch with our corporate and M&A Team, or alternatively, please contact the authors.

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