The shifting of the burden of proof is an issue of great concern for suppliers when involved with litigation over product liability ...
Carmen Verdonck and Stefanie Vyncke wrote the chapter onBelgian Law in the 2009 edition of 'Getting The Deal Through: VerticalAgreements'. This updated edition examines the regulation of distribution practices in jurisdictions worldwide.Antitrust law1 ...
auto">On January 25, 2009, a new Bolivian constitution was approved by binding referendum. This new text comprises the seventeenth constitution enacted during the country’s 184 years of republican life. The new constitution brings forth a whole new system of government with changes both of form and substance ...
I. IntroductionIt has been over 4 years since the Constitutional Court’s ruling on 26 October 2004 which declared that Article 158 and other relevant articles of the Manpower Law in relation to serious misconduct were against the Indonesia Constitution and therefore were not legally binding. The legal effect of the ruling was that an employer cannot immediately terminate an employee for serious misconduct ...
In the current economic downturn it seems that industrial relations are once again in the spotlight for all the wrong reasons. Recent "wildcat" strikes over the use of foreign labour suggest a trend towards more militant attitudes within the workforce and the possibility of greater industrial unrest. The UK's labour laws are very complex ...
Many companies’s apply employment terms – either in a general commission plan or in the individual employment contract – which can entail major unforeseen costs in the form of retroactive claims from employees for holiday pay or pension payments. There are certain differences in judgement between companies which are bound by collective bargaining agreements and those companies which are not ...
Important changes in, inter alia, the Rights of Priority Act (Sw. förmånsrättslagen) entered into effect on 1 January 2009. For example, it becomes possible to use personal property of the business as collateral security for loans in businesses. Elisabeth Söderholm, associate at Delphi Lawfirm, Gothenburg, reports on the new rules ...
A new act on a European order for payment procedure has entered into force. The new rules are based on an EC regulation and apply side by side with the Swedish procedure for order for payments. The difference is that the European order for payment procedure applies in cross-border cases, i.e. when the claimant and the alleged debtor live in different member states ...
In the current market, it is important that creditors and debtors in difficult financial circumstances exploit the opportunities offered by corporate recovery. Delphi’s corporate recovery group mainly advises lenders and creditors, but also shareholders, boards and management teams ...
In June 2008 the Protection of Trade Secrets Committee, presented to Beatrice Ask, the Swedish minister of justice, their findings, Enhanced protection for trade secrets, SOU 2008:63. Delphi’s Henrik Bengtsson was an expert on the committee. Since the Act (1990:409) on the Protection of Trade Secrets (TSA) came into force almost twenty years ago, the conditions for enterprise have changed in many ways ...
It has now been clarified that a consultancy, which is not itself active on a certain market, can be found guilty of participation in an anti-competitive cooperation. This was decided by the Court of First Instance in a judgment from 8 July, 2008, T-99/04, AC-Treuhand AG v the European Commission. The judgment is unique in that it is the first time this principle has been upheld in any of the community courts ...
On 1 November 2008, a number of major changes were introduced to the Swedish code of judicial procedure, the law that regulates legal proceedings in court. The majority of the changes are aimed at speeding up the proceedings with the aim that the state will save costs for the legal system. The changes are referred to as "A more modern trial" in the committee report ...
The amendments to Russian Federal Law “On the insolvency (bankruptcy)”, adopted and came into force in January, 2009, affected both general and procedural provisions of the Law. We at ALRUD Law Firm provide full professional service at the highest level for our clients therefore we ought to analyze the impact and the consequences of these substantial changes of the procedure of bankruptcy ...
The general increase of commercial disputes caused by the global economic crisis has resulted in growth of litigations involving debtors domiciled or with assets abroad. Though there are certain similarities between countries in the enforcement of judgment procedures, the creditor has to take state differences into account as well ...
On June 2, 2008, following the hearing of six cases (1) at the same time, the Quebec Court of Appeal ruled that section 114 of the Labour Code grants exclusive jurisdiction to the Commission des relations du travail to hear complaints made under section 124 of the Act respecting Labour Standards ...
China's Anti-monopoly Law ("AML") became effective on 1 August 2008. This new piece of legislation has attracted attention worldwide because of its potential impact on foreign investments in China. This article will outline the key activities prohibited by AML and explain how AML will affect foreign investors. Three main types of activities are specified under AML, namely (1) monopoly agreements, i.e ...
The Act to protect persons with regard to activities involving firearms and amending the Act respecting safety in sports(1) was assented to on December 13, 2007(2) and came into force on September 1, 2008. This Act was passed in the wake of the tragic events that occurred at Dawson College in September 2006, when a young 18-year old woman named Anastasia De Sousa lost her life in a shooting incident, hence its name, the “Anastasia Act” ...
The Bank of Portugal set up a regime to govern the advertising of the banking products and services that come under its supervision in Regulation No. 10/2008, of 9 December, which came into force on 1 January 2009. The Regulation builds on the general regime laid down in Articles 77 and 77-C of the General Credit Institutions and Financial Companies Regime (the RGIC), as most recently amended by Article 2 of Decree-Law 211-A/2008, of 3 November ...
In response to the current global financial crisis, on 9 October 2008, the Chairman of the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Board (BAPEPAM-LK) issued a new regulation on buybacks of shares by public companies (Decree No. Kep-401/BL/2008 or Regulation No. XI.B.3). This new regulation provides fewer requirements than the previous regulation issued in 1998, Regulation No. XI.B.3 which remains valid ...
Government Regulation No. 63 of 2008 on the Implementation of the Law on Foundations (“GR 63/2008”) was issued on 23 September 2008. GR 63/2008 is the implementing regulation of Law No. 16 of 2001 as amended by Law No. 28 of 2004 regarding Foundations (“Foundations Law”). Under GR 63/2008, foundations must have a name and be registered in the register of foundations at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights ...
This is largely a codification of duties which already existed under previous legislation or the common law. However, the Act does introduce some new duties. With effect from 1 October 2008, every director of a company now has a statutory duty to avoid a situation in which he has, or can have, a direct or indirect interest that conflicts, or possibly may conflict, with the interests of the company (a ‘situational conflict') ...
Pat McFadden, the Minister for Employment Relations and Postal Affairs, has confirmed that the extension of the right to request flexible working to parents of children up to the age of 16 will be implemented in April 2009, as planned ...
The various amendments recently made to the Act respecting labour standards(1) (hereinafter the “ARLS”) essentially apply to the following:• the introduction of a new type of authorized leave for employees who are also reservists of the Canadian Forces and take part in operations;• the clarification of the concept of spousal cohabitation especially with regard to leave for family or parental reasons;• details on the advance notice to be given by employees who want to take pat
Many employers are rightly concerned about the significant amounts they are required to pay to the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail in respect of employment injuries sustained by their employees. The general rule underlying the financial system of the regime is that the cost of benefits paid following an industrial accident sustained by an employee is imputed to his employer’s account, irrespective of whether the employer is at fault ...
