On 23 January 2015, the Supreme Court delivered a judgment concerning the moderation of an invalid non-competition clause in a business transfer agreement. This judgment arose after the Ghent Court of Appeal had refused to moderate a non-competition obligation lasting for period of 17 years.In line with previous case law, the clause was declared absolutely null and void and the Ghent Court of Appeal ruled that the clause could not be mitigated in any way ...
Although the deadline to transpose the Accounting Directive 2013/34/EU into Belgian law elapsed on 20 July 2015, the Belgian legislator failed to transpose the Accounting Directive on time. Nevertheless, Belgium’s Council of Ministers did approve a preliminary draft Act and a preliminary draft royal decree on 19 June. Subject to the Council of State’s further advice, it is likely that the transposition into Belgian law will take place in the coming months ...
In late August 2015, the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) announced a settlement with three investment funds managed by Third Point LLC (“Third Point”) for alleged violations of the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended (the “HSR Act”) involving improper reliance on the “investment only exemption ...
The U.S. Treasury Department Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) has amended its Cuban Assets Control Regulations to, in OFAC’s words, “further implement elements of the policy announced by the President on December 17, 2014 to engage and empower the Cuban people.” In practice, the amendments make important changes to the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, originally liberalized in January of this year ...
The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals recently affirmed a district court ruling regarding class certification in a securities class action, Ludlow, et al. v. BP, PLC, et al., stemming from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. The opinion provides several important takeaways for securities class action litigation. To read the full alert, click here ...
Because of the demographic context, the rate of business transfers has been rising steadily in Quebec over the past few years. Whether unexpectedly or as part of a succession plan, certain key employees can show the potential and ambition to take over from the current owner. In this issue ofLavery Business, we look at a number of aspects that are of particular importance when a business is being transferred to its employees or managers ...
Introduction The Competition Commission of India (‘CCI’), has recently issued the Competition Commission of India (Competition Assessment of Legislations and Bills) Guidelines, 2015 (‘Guidelines’)[1]. The Guidelines will come into effect on 1 January 2016. This article intends to provide a brief overview of the Guidelines, as proposed by the CCI ...
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission recently adopted a final rule to implement Section 953(b) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act with respect to chief executive officer pay-ratio disclosures. Under the Final Rule, a public company must disclose the ratio of the annual total compensation of its chief executive officer to the median of the annual total compensation for all of that company’s other employees ...
TYPES OF LIMITED COMPANIES AND SHARES1. What are the main types of companies with limited liabilityand shareholders? Which is the most common? Which typedo foreign investors most commonly use?The most common types of companies that enjoy limited liabilityare the Sociedad Anónima (SAs) and the Sociedad deResponsabilidad Limitada (SRLs), and these are the main types ofcompanies with limited liability. Joint stock companies (Sociedaden Comandita por Acciones) are also common ...
This Q&A gives an overview of the key factors affecting inward investment, including information on the jurisdiction's legal system; key laws and regulatory authorities; investment restrictions; and details of international treaties, customs and monetary unions ...
As the US diplomatic relationship with Cuba continues on itspath of normalization and the possibility for increased economic opportunitiesfor US companies with the island increase with the potential further looseningof restrictions prohibiting engaging in business in Cuba, US businesses lookingat the Cuban market have begun taking steps to register their trademarks inCuba ...
In a continued effort to implement the policy changesannounced by President Obama on December 17,2014, OFAC and BIS have announced additional amendments tothe CACR and EAR, respectively, which will be published and effective on Monday,September 21, 2015.The regulatory changes discussed below are more in the lineof significant changes made to the regulations since December 17, 2014.Overall, the regulatory changes loosen restrictions on travel to and businessand investment in Cuba ...
With the enactment in May 2014 of the Organic Law for Strengthening and Optimization of the Corporate and Securities Sectors (OLSOCSS), the role of the Corporate, Securities, and Insurances Superintendence (CSIS) were modified. Previously, the CSIS has the assignment of approving ex ante all of the corporate acts that a company wanted to make. However, with the enactment of the OLSOCSS the CSIS went on to have only assignment of monitoring and have ex post control ...
Bulgaria is the second largest producer of foie grasin the world (after France) with about 10% of the global production (approximately 2,600 tons per year). Furthermore, France is the largest consumer of foie gras globally, importing about 3,750 tons per year, 2/3 of which come from Bulgaria. Agroplasment-92-VJSC and Bulian SJSC are the leading Bulgarian producers of foie gras and other duck products. The two companies account for approximately 1/3 of all Bulgarian foie gras exports ...
Bulgaria is the second largest producer of raw tobacco in Europe after Italy and has been a leading exporter of cigarettes and tobacco products from the 1920s onward. Slance Stara Zagora Tabac is a leading Bulgarian producer of cigarettes and tobacco products with rich experience in the selection and skillful blending of classic American and Virginia blends ...
In commemoration of the firm’s 70th anniversary, SyCip Salazar Hernandez & Gatmaitan (SyCipLaw) produced a publication about the general guidelines in doing business in the Philippines. It aims to showcase the Philippines as an attractive venue for business ventures and to also guide the businessmen and lawyers alike in their business decision making ...
Environmental groups are attempting to enlist the U.S. Department of Commerce in their fight against fracking operations and climate change by petitioning DOC to ban natural gas exports under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA).To read the full alert, click here ...
The government's stated approach to transparency in the supply chain provisions is to strike a balance between improving transparency in the supply chain whilst ensuring that businesses take appropriate and proportionate action to tackle modern slavery. The government's response provides useful definitions which are encompassed within the term 'modern slavery' for the purposes of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 ...
On Monday, the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) released its Clean Power Plan (“CPP”), the cornerstone of the Obama Administration’s multi-faceted regulatory approach to address climate change.1 The final rule is centered on reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants by 32 percent from 2005 levels by 2030 ...
Moving faster than many expected, the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the amended Food Safety Law (“2015 Food Safety Law”) on April 24, 2015. The 2015 Food Safety Law will be effective on October 1, 2015. The 2015 Food Safety Law is regarded as the most stringent food safety regulation in the history of China ...
In June 2015, the Superior Court of Québec sided with a real estate developer who applied for an order requiring the Quebec Ministry of Transport (MOT) to fix a highway interchange whose construction in 2007 caused the developer’s land to be flooded1. This article summarizes the court’s principal findings. The ruling has been appealed by the Quebec Ministry of Sustainable development, Environment and the Fight against climate change (MSDEF) ...
Ahead of the recent election it was no secret that the Conservatives wanted to see a cut in taxpayer support for the development of wind farms. What did come as a surprise was the recent announcement by the Westminster Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) that the main form of subsidy for wind farms would suddenly be closed in March 2016 ...
The Competition Commission of India (“CCI”) has revised the Competition Commission of India (Procedure in regard to the transaction of business relating to combinations) Regulations, 2011 (Combination Regulations), making them more forward looking, in keeping with some of the best practices in other jurisdictions. The instant revision is the fourth instance in the four years since the introduction of the merger control regime in India ...
Since the FDA issued the final menu labeling rule last December, franchisors have been asking what their role and liability is within the framework created by the FDA. In spite of years of FDA consideration and extensive input from industry, food establishments that are subject to the rule remain uncertain about how to comply with its requirements. In addition, the FDA has said very little about how it will enforce the rule To read the full alert, click here ...
