The development of economic ties in the modern world is invariably a driving force in the creation of new legal instruments, the development and improvement of regulatory control, and the establishment of entire institutions and branches of law. Such parallel progress between the economy and the law serves as collateral for the successful development of the state as a whole ...
The “statutory demand procedure” is designed to provide a fast-track method of proceeding to the winding up of a company. It creates a presumption of insolvency. The Statutory Demand is still a basis to issue a winding petition on the ground of “inability to pay debts” as was the case under the 1984 Companies Act ...
This Bill is part of the ongoing measures by the Minister of Justice and the Office de la protection du consommateur (Consumer Protection Bureau) to provide for the comprehensive regulation of commercial practices involving goods and services contracts used by consumers. the Consumer Protection Act (the “CPA”) contains a broad range of content and form requirements affecting the drafting, formation, execution and cancellation of nominate and identified contracts ...
ON JUNE 16, 2009, THE MINISTER OF JUSTICE INTRODUCED BILL 60 ENTITLED AN ACT TO AMEND THE CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT AND OTHER LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS (THE “BILL”) IN THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.This Bill is part of the ongoing measures by the Minister of Justice and the Office de la protection du consommateur (Consumer Protection Bureau) to provide for the comprehensive regulation of commercial practices involving goods and services contracts used by consumers ...
A small measure of relief may be coming to some beleaguered Michigan communities that have been struggling recently with the difficult question of what actions they can realistically take to encourage much-needed local economic development while remaining cognizant of the financial limitations associated with lower revenues, higher costs and uncertain economic projections. The answer for some might be found in recovery zone financings ...
The Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha/KPPU) has issued Regulation No. 1 of 2009 regarding Pre-Notification on Mergers, Consolidations, and Acquisitions. This regulation has been effective since 13 May 2009 ...
The Commission for the Supervision of Business Competition (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha/KPPU) has issued Regulation No. 2 of 2009 regarding Guidelines for Intellectual Property Rights and the Application of the Anti Monopoly Law. In general the regulation refers to intellectual property rights and Article 50 (b) of Law No. 5 of 1999 on the Prohibition of Monopolistic and Unfair Business Practices (Anti-Monopoly Law) ...
On the 1st June 2009, the major parts of the Insolvency Act 2009 (“the Act”) came into operation. The Act has completely revamped the insolvency regime in Mauritius and new provisions now govern “voidable transactions” following a company liquidation. The “ordinary course of business” test, which was prevailing under the former regime, has now been abandoned and replaced by what is known as the “running account principle” ...
As more companies feel the effects of the recession, suppliers must ensure they are properly protected should customers struggle to pay their bills, fall into financial decline or, worse, insolvency. A common form of security is a Retention of Title (RoT) clause in the supplier's contract. This aims to afford the seller the ability to recover goods that have not been paid for, and/or to give precedence over other creditors should the worst happen ...
Dear Sirs, let us kindly remind you that on July 01, 2009 amendments to the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” of February 08, 1998 ¹ 14-FZ (hereinafter – the “New Law”) came into force. Pursuant to it, the Articles of Association of limited liabilities companies (hereinafter – the “companies” or the “LLC”) established prior to July 01, 2009 should be brought to compliance with the New Law by January 01, 2010 ...
IntroductionAs of 8 January 2009, Belgian listed companies and financial undertakings are required to have an audit committee. The Law of 17 December 2008 on the establishment of an audit committee in listed companies and financial undertakings (the “Law”) then enters into force ...
1. IntroductionThe Royal Decree of 8 October 2008 amending the Belgian Companies Code (“BCC”) has amended the rules on financial assistance. The new rules entered into force on 1 January 2009. The Royal Decree implements European Directive 2006/68/EC amending the Second Company Law Directive. The Belgian rules on financial assistance apply to public limited-liability companies (NV/SA), private limited-liability companies (BVBA/SPRL), partnerships limited by shares (Comm ...
Indemnity clauses and negligence - a review of the impact of the judgment in the Buncefield disaster case on the effect of indemnity clauses and whether a party can recover under an indemnity clause where it caused the damage by its own negligence ...
We are increasingly being asked: “Is it more likely that individuals rather than companies will be prosecuted under the new Health and Safety Offences Act 2008?”. The new Act, which came into force in January 2009, did not introduce any further duties on either organisations or individuals, but it did dramatically increase the penalties that can be imposed for breaches of existing health and safety legislation ...
IntroductionDirective 2006/68/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 6 September 2006 has amended the Second Company Law Directive in relation to maintenance of capital.On 8 October 2008, the Royal Decree (hereafter the “Royal Decree 10/2008”) implementing the Directive was adopted and substantially modified the Belgian Companies Code (hereafter “BCC”) in respect of contributions in kind, purchase of own shares and financial assistance ...
On May 6, 2009, the Belgian legislature amended the Belgian Competition Act. Most of the amendments are of a procedural nature and are of minor importance. However, the clarification of the prescription rules and the option of dismissing cases on policy grounds catch the eye. The amendments entered into force on May 29, 2009.The Belgian Competition Act was the subject-matter of a thorough reform in 2006 ...
One of the most talked about eHealth initiatives is the introduction of a national electronic health record for all Australians. Having a centralised database of electronic health records will greatly improve access to accurate and up-to-date data by health care workers, including doctors, hospital staff and emergency service providers ...
On June 17, 2009, the Obama administration issued a "white paper" which proposes a sweeping reorganization of financial-market supervision. The plan would touch almost every corner of banking from how mortgages are underwritten to the way exotic financial instruments are traded. The plan will undoubtedly be modified during the Legislative process. Banks in other countries have already objected to the proposed international effects ...
Austrian law distinguishes between composition proceedings in accordance with the Composition Code (Ausgleichsordnung-AO) and bankruptcy proceedings in accordance with the Bankruptcy Code (Konkursordnung-KO). Bankruptcy proceedings have to be opened if the debtor is unable to pay. In particular, inability to pay must be assumed if the debtor suspends payments. Inability to pay does not require that creditors are actively seeking payment ...
Technical Resolution 26 – FACPCE Dated March 20, 2009 the FACPCE (Argentine Federation of Economic Sciences Professional Boards) approved Technical Resolution No. 26 “Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards of the Board” effective as from the years commenced after January 1st, 2011, not admitting an earlier application ...
On 1st January 1997, the Partnership Act 1996 (the Act) came into force in the BVI. It features two types of partnerships, the Limited Partnership and the General Partnership. The Limited Partnership is the most common one. In the Act, the Limited Partnership is defined as partnership formed by two or more persons with one or more General Partners and one or more Limited Partners ...
I. Legal Framework The banking business in the Republic of Panama is regulated by Decree-Law No. 9 of February 26, 1998 and its amendments (the “Banking Law”). The Banking Law created the Superintendency of Banks (the “Superintendency”), which is the government agency in charge of supervising and overseeing banking operations and the exercise of the banking business in the Republic of Panama ...
Since the introduction of Law 32 of 1927, the Law on Corporations of the Republic of Panama has remained virtually unchanged, serving both Panamanians and well as foreigners to put in order, protect and plan the transfer of their patrimony in an orderly fashion ...
In 2004, the Bahamas adopted the figure of the private foundation in what became the first attempt by a Common Law jurisdiction to integrate the vehicle, which has been traditionally associated with civil law jurisdictions. A foundation is the endowment of a patrimony for a specific purpose (object), which is set forth in the document that creates and internally organizes the foundation, called the foundation charter ...
In recent years parallel trade in the pharmaceutical sector has been a hot topic. On September 16 2008 the European Court of Justice published its eagerly anticipated judgment on the refusal to supply by dominant pharmaceutical companies in the Syfait II Case. Recently, the Belgian competition authorities have also addressed this subject when dismissing an appeal by Bofar, an exporter of pharmaceutical products ...
