On 15 March 2007, the European Court of Justice confirmed that the European Commission had been correct to fine British Airways £6.8 million for abusing its dominant position by operating loyalty enhancing performance bonus schemes for travel agents since the schemes had the effect of excluding competitors without any objective economic justification ...
Currently Romania’s market is characterized by the implementation of two seemingly opposite sets of actions, one aimed at ensuring Romania’s transition to the market economy and the achievement of economic growth, while the other is targeting the environmental protection through promotion of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources for electricity generation ...
British Airways' 14-year long wrangle with Virgin and the European Commission ended yesterday, when Europe's highest court confirmed that the Commission was right in fining BA EUR6.8m. For BA this comes at an inopportune moment, as it is currently under investigation by both the US Federal Trade Commission and the EU Commission for alleged breaches of anti-cartel provisions ...
On February 27 British Columbia issued “The BC Energy Plan: A Vision for Clean Energy Leadership” (Energy Plan 2007). The document is an extensive statement of provincial energy policy, and a roadmap for future government action in BC’s energy sector ...
The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has ruled that motor vehicle distribution agreements may benefit from the exemption in Regulation 1400/2002 (Block Exemption) even if the supplier can terminate the agreement without notice in certain circumstances. The Block Exemption applies to such agreements provided the supplier gives reasons for the termination which are subject to review by an independent expert or arbitrator ...
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (“TCEQ”) is accepting comments on a draft guidance document that addresses air quality emissions and regulatory compliance for storage tanks using floating roofs ...
Dramatic changes in global climate have helped to wake up the consciousness of States on the significance of environmental issues in the last fourty years. Before then countries focused their energies on relentless industrial development with little or no attention to its impact on the environment. Scientific evidence has shown that unbridled development leads to loss of environmental capital, sometimes an irreversible phenomenon ...
Since the entry into force of the Freedom of Information Act 2000 and the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 on 1 January 2005, the general public and those in business seem, by and large, to be well aware of the potential benefits of the legislation. Information covering a plethora of topics has been accessed and used for a huge variety of purposes ...
Pursuant to the Act on Budget Rules for Public Administration, the Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications of the Slovak Republic, by this Ruling, enlarged the scope of persons entitled to subsidies ensuring higher penetration of broadband internet access ...
In the world of information legislation in Scotland, the Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002 ("FOISA") reigns supreme. But is this Act the most appropriate tool to use in all circumstances? The answer is most definitely no. Lurking behind this headline Act are two pieces of other information-related legislation that, in many circumstances, are more powerful tools to access and use certain information ...
The main legal acts regulating the registration of seagoing ships in Lithuania are the Law on Merchant Shipping, the Rules for Registration of Seagoing Ships in Lithuania approved on 4 July 2005 by order No. 3-301 of the Minister of Transport and Communications, and the Decision of the Government of Lithuania “On the Register of Seagoing Ships of the Republic of Lithuania”. The following ships can be registered at the Register of Seagoing Ships of the Republic of Lithuania (the Register): 1 ...
Purchasing a yacht should be a pleasurable experience given that the craft in question is most likely to be used for the owner’s leisure pursuits. Yachts, however, whether they are second-hand, new, large or small, have one thing in common. They are expensive. However, many purchasers whether they are paying £10,000 or £1,000,000 are sometimes less cautious than perhaps they should be when buying what is in effect a “toy” ...
Keeping in Shape – Trademark Protection of Product ConfigurationsThe development of unique and distinctive product configurations allows the producer of the product to achieve more bang for its marketing dollar. The consumer not only cognitively associates the manufacturer’s word mark with the product, but also its configuration. In this context, the oft cited example is the Coca-Cola bottle shape ...
In its 1993 decision in U.S. v. Rohm & Haas, the Third Circuit held that EPA could not recover CERCLA oversight costs for supervising a private party removal action. The Court reasoned that the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in National Cable Television Ass’n, Inc. v. U.S. barred recovery of such costs “unless the statutory language clearly and explicitly requires that result ...
The English Court of Appeal has thrown out an attempt to appeal a decision in favour of Dyson about spare parts for Dyson vacuum cleaners. Dyson sued spare parts supplier Qualtex for infringement of Dyson's unregistered design rights (UDR) in 14 spare parts manufactured by Qualtex. The spare parts were deliberately designed to look like the originals, known as "pattern parts" in the trade ...
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published a draft of Ireland’s second National Allocation Plan for Emissions Trading in Ireland. This follows a recent announcement by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Mr. Dick Roche, T.D., which set out the total quantity of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) allowances being made available by Government to Ireland’s emissions trading sector ...
Captains of private and commercial yachts (and owners) have civil and criminal law duties most of which are concerned with the safe operation of the vessel. As the captain is regarded in law as being the owner’s agent, he is the person unfortunately on the spot. It is the captain who becomes personally liable in the first instance for any fine imposed on the vessel. Owners or charterers have no legal obligation to compensate him even though the offence may have occurred due to their fault ...
The legal concept that one can arrest a vessel and prevent it moving is unusual to say the least. An arrest in the UK (and other jurisdictions) is practically undertaken by serving upon the vessel a “Warrant of Arrest”, a very similar concept to criminal proceedings albeit this form of arrest is a civil law admiralty procedure and for very different reasons ...
Captains of private and commercial yachts (and owners) have civil and criminal law duties most of which are concerned with the safe operation of the vessel. As the captain is regarded in law as being the owner’s agent, he is the person unfortunately on the spot. It is the captain who becomes personally liable in the first instance for any fine imposed on the vessel. Owners or charterers have no legal obligation to compensate him even though the offence may have occurred due to their fault ...
The Federal Electricity Commission (the “Commission”) will put out for public bidding the construction and operation of a hydroelectric plant named “La Yesca.” The plant will be located 65 kilometers from the El Cajon Dam, between the boundaries of the states of Nayarit and Jalisco ...
On November 29, 2005, the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico’s Congress approved a draft of the “Civil Liability for Environmental Damage Law” (the “Bill”) which regulates liability for acts or omissions which have an adverse impact on the environmental. The Bill was sent to the Senate on December 1, 2005 and is now in the process of being studied by the Environmental, Economic Development, Justice and Legislative Studies Committees ...
On September 30, 2004, the MDEQ Remediation and Redevelopment Division (“RRD”) issued Operational Memorandum No. 5 (“Op. Memo No. 5”) related to groundwater surface water interface (“GSI”) criteria and their application under NREPA Part 201 (Michigan Contaminated Sites), Superfund, and Part 213 (Michigan Leaking UST Sites). Op. Memo No. 5 replaces the previously issued Op. Memo No. 17 (September 8, 1998) related to GSI criteria ...
The provisions of the Environment Quality Act (“EQA”) regarding contaminated land require a person intending to change the use of a parcel of land to perform a site characterization study1 if certain specific industrial activities have been carried on there. If this study reveals the presence of contaminants in excess of the limit values prescribed by regulation 3, a notice of contamination must be registered in the land register against the property in question ...
Practical Advice for Defending Toxic Tort Actions - 11/29/2001 Texas Lawyer © 2001. All rights reserved Defending a toxic tort case involving multiple plaintiffs and defendants, not surprisingly, presents multiple issues of concern. In developing a litigation strategy, thoughtful defense counsel will anticipate these issues ...
In a decision released Wednesday, July 20,(1) the Supreme Court of Canada has overturned Court of Appeal decisions from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia finding that Mi’kmaq people have a treaty right to harvest timber for commercial purposes. In so doing, the Court also provided guidance on how to assess aboriginal title claims ...
